baytariyada lead-ashitada & baytariyada lithium
1. baytariyada acid-ashitada
1.1 Waa maxay baytariyada aysiidhka-lead?
● Battery-asiidh-ashitada rasaastu waa baytariga kaydinta ee electrodes-ka ay inta badan ka samaysan yihiinhogaaminiyo iyadaoxides, iyo kaas oo ah electrolytexal sulfuric acid.
● Korontada magaca ah ee baytari-asiidh-ashitada hal-unug ah waa2.0V, kaas oo lagu sii dayn karo 1.5V laguna dalaci karo 2.4V.
● Codsiyada,6 hal unugbaytariyada ledh-ashitada ayaa inta badan ku xidhan si taxane ah si ay u sameeyaan magac magac12Vbaytari acid-ashitada.
1.2 Qaab dhismeedka baytari-ashitada rasaasta
● Marka ay soo daayaan baytariyada acid-ashitada, waxa ugu muhiimsan ee electrode-ka togan ka kooban yahay waa sunta rasaasta (lead dioxide), waxa hadda socdaa waxa ay ka soo qulqulayaan electrode-ka togan una gudba electrode taban, qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee electrode-ka taban waa sunta rasaasta.
● Marka ay ku jirto batariyada sunta rasaasta ah, qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee electrodes-ka togan iyo kuwa taban waa sunta rasaasta, oo hadda ka soo qulqulaya elektrode-ka togan una gudba electrode taban.
●Baytariyada Graphene: wax lagu daro graphene conductivewaxaa lagu daraa walxaha electrode-ka togan iyo kuwa taban,qalabka korantada ka kooban graphenewaxaa lagu daraa electrode togan, iyolakabyada functional graphenewaxaa lagu daraa lakabyada conductive.
1.3 Maxay ka dhigan tahay xogta shahaadodu?
●6-DZF-20:6 macnaheedu waa inay jiraan6 xabo, shabakad kasta waxay leedahay danab ah2V, iyo danab ku xiran taxane waa 12V, iyo 20 ka dhigan tahay in baytarigu leeyahay awood20AH.
● D (koronto), Z (koronto ku caawisay), F (baytariga aan dayactirka lahayn ee Valve-lagu hagayo).
●DZM:D (koronto), Z (baabuur korontadu ku kaalmaysato), M (batari aan dayactir lahayn oo xidhan).
●EVF:EV (gaadiidka baytari), F (baytariga dayactirka-la'aanta ah).
1.4 Farqiga u dhexeeya valve kantaroolka iyo shaabadeynta
●Batari la'aanta dayactirka Valve-ku hagayo:Looma baahna in lagu daro biyo ama acid si loo dayactiro, batteriga laftiisa waa qaab-dhismeed xiran,ma jiro dareere asiidh ah ama ceeryaamo asiidh ah, oo leh badbaado hal dhinac ahwaalka qiiqa, marka gaaska gudaha uu dhaafo qiimo cayiman, tuubada qiiqa ayaa si toos ah u furma si ay u daaliso gaaska
●baytari-asiidh-ashitada rasaasta ah ee aan dayactirka xidhin:batteriga oo dhan waasi buuxda u xidhan (falcelinta redox-ka baytarigu waxa ay ku dhex wareegaysaa qolof xidhan), markaa baytariga aan dayactirka lahayni ma laha "gaas waxyeello leh" oo qulqulaya
2. baytariyada lithium
2.1 Waa maxay baytariyada lithium?
● Beteriyada lithium waa nooc ka mid ah baytariyada isticmaalabiraha lithium or daawaha lithiumsida walxaha korantada togan/negative oo isticmaala xalalka elektrolytka ee aan biyaha lahayn.(Lithium cusbada iyo dareerayaasha organic)
2.2 Kala-saarista baytariga Lithium
●Beteriyada lithium waxa loo qaybin karaa qiyaas ahaan laba qaybood: baytariyada birta lithium iyo baytariyada lithium ion.Baytariyada lithium ion waxay ka sarreeyaan baytariyada birta lithium marka la eego badbaadada, awoodda gaarka ah, heerka is-dejinta iyo saamiga qiimaha waxqabadka.
● Shuruudaha teknooloojiyada sare ee ay iyadu leedahay awgeed, shirkado dhawr waddan ka jira ayaa soo saaraya nooca batariyada birta ah ee lithium.
2.3 Lithium Ion Battery
| Walxaha Electrode togan | Voltage Magaca ah | Cufnaanta Tamarta | Nolosha Wareegtada | Qiimaha | Amniga | Wareegtada Times | Heerkulka Shaqada caadiga ah |
| Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) | 3.7V | Dhexdhexaad | Hoose | Sare | Hoose | ≥500 300-500 | Lithium iron phosphate: -20 ℃ ~ 65 ℃ Ternary lithium: -20 ℃ ~ 45 ℃Baytariyada ternary lithium ayaa aad uga waxtar badan lithium iron fosfatka heerkulka hooseeya, laakiin uma adkeysanayaan heerkulka sare sida fosfateta birta lithium.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay ku xiran tahay xaaladaha gaarka ah ee warshad kasta oo batteriga ah. |
| Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) | 3.6V | Hoose | Dhexdhexaad | Hoose | Dhexdhexaad | ≥500 800-1000 | |
| Lithium Nickel Oxide (LNO) | 3.6V | Sare | Hoose | Sare | Hoose | Xog malaha | |
| Lithium Iron Fosfate (LFP) | 3.2V | Dhexdhexaad | Sare | Hoose | Sare | 1200-1500 | |
| Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA) | 3.6V | Sare | Dhexdhexaad | Dhexdhexaad | Hoose | ≥500 800-1200 | |
| Nikel Cobalt Manganese (NCM) | 3.6V | Sare | Sare | Dhexdhexaad | Hoose | ≥1000 800-1200 |
●Walxaha korantada xun:Graphite inta badan waa la isticmaalaa.Intaa waxaa dheer, birta lithium, aluminium lithium, silikoon-kaarboon-negative electrode, qalabka korantada xun ee oksaydhka, iwm.
● Marka la barbardhigo, fosfatoorka birta lithium waa sheyga ugu waxtarka badan ee elektiroonigga ah.
2.4 Kala soocida qaabka baytariyada lithium-ion
Batari lithium-ion cylindrical ah
Prismatic Li-ion Battery
Button lithium ion batari
baytari lithium-ion oo qaab gaar ah u qaabaysan
Bateriga xirmo jilicsan
● Qaababka caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo baytariyada baabuurta korontada:cylindrical iyo baakad jilicsan
● Batari lithium cylindrical:
● Faa'iidooyinka: tignoolajiyada qaan-gaadhka ah, qiimo jaban, tamar keli ah oo yar, si sahlan loo xakameeyo, kulaylka wanaagsan ee daadinta
● Khasaaraha:tiro badan oo baakidhooyin batari ah, miisaan yara culus, cufnaanta tamarta wax yar ka hooseeya
● Bateriga lithium-ka ee baakad jilicsan:
● Faa'iidooyinka: Habka wax soo saarka ee sarreeya, dhuuban, fudud, cufnaanta tamarta sare, kala duwanaansho badan marka la samaynayo xirmo batari
● Khasaaraha:waxqabadka guud liidata ee xirmada batteriga (joogteynta), aan u adkeysaneynin heerkulka sare, ma fududa in la jaangooyo, kharash badan
Qaabkee ayaa u fiican baytariyada lithium?Dhab ahaantii, ma jirto jawaab buuxda, waxay inta badan ku xiran tahay baahida
● Haddii aad rabto qiimo jaban iyo waxqabadka guud ee wanaagsan: baytari lithium cylindrical > baakad jilicsan
● Haddii aad rabto cabbir yar, iftiin, cufnaanta tamarta sare: batteriga lithium baakad jilicsan> baytari lithium cylindrical
2.5 Qaab dhismeedka baytariga lithium
● 18650: 18mm waxay tusinaysaa dhexroorka baytariga, 65mm waxay muujinaysaa joogga batteriga, 0 waxay tusinaysaa qaabka cylindrical, iyo wixi la mida
Xisaabinta 12v20ah baytari lithium: Ka soo qaad in danabka magaca ee batari 18650 uu yahay 3.7V (4.2v marka si buuxda loo dallaco) awooduna waa 2000ah (2ah)
● Si aad u hesho 12V, waxaad u baahan tahay 3 18650 baytari (12/3.7≈3)
● Si aad u hesho 20ah, 20/2=10, waxaad u baahan tahay 10 kooxood oo baytari ah, mid walbana leh 3 12V.
● 3 taxane ah waa 12V, 10 barbar socda waa 20ah, taas oo ah, 12v20ah (wadarta 30 18650 unug ayaa loo baahan yahay)
● Marka la sii daynaayo, hadda waxa uu ka soo qulqulaa korantada taban una gudbisa korantada togan
● Marka la dallaco, hadda waxa uu ka soo qulqulaa korantada togan una gudubta korantada taban
3. Isbarbardhigga u dhexeeya baytariga Lithium, baytariga aysiidhka-lead iyo baytariga Graphene
| Isbarbardhigga | baytariga lithium | Battery-ashitada rasaasta | Batari graphene |
| Qiimo | Sare | Hoose | Dhexdhexaad |
| Qodobka badbaadada | Hoose | Sare | Marka la eego sare |
| Mugga iyo miisaanka | Cabbir yar, miisaan fudud | Cabbir weyn iyo miisaan culus | Mug weyn, oo ka culus baytari aashitada rasaasta |
| Nolosha baytari | Sare | Caadi ah | Ka sarreeya baytari-asiidh-ashitada, oo ka hooseeya baytariga lithium |
| Nolosha qofka | 4 sano (lithium ternary: 800-1200 jeer phosphate birta lithium: 1200-1500 jeer) | 3 sano (3-500 jeer) | 3 sano (> 500 jeer) |
| Qaadashada | Dabacsan oo fudud in la qaado | Lama dalaci karo | Lama dalaci karo |
| Dayactirka | Aan la hagaajin karin | La hagaajin karo | La hagaajin karo |
● Ma jirto jawaab sax ah oo ku saabsan baytariga u fiican baabuurta korontada.Waxay inta badan ku xiran tahay baahida baytariyada.
Xagga nolosha iyo nolosha batteriga: baytari lithium> graphene> aashitada rasaasta.
Marka la eego qiimaha iyo qodobka badbaadada: aashitada rasaasta> graphene> baytariga lithium.
● Marka la eego qaadida: baytari lithium> lead acid = graphene.
4. Shahaadooyinka la xidhiidha Batteriga
● Baytariga-ashitada rasaasta: Haddii baytarigu aysiidh-ashitada uu dhaafo gariirka, kala duwanaanshaha cadaadiska, iyo 55°C tijaabooyinka heerkulka, waxa laga dhaafi karaa gaadiidka xamuulka ee caadiga ah.Haddii ay ka gudbi weydo saddexda imtixaan, waxa loo kala saaraa sida alaabta khatarta ah qaybta 8 (walxaha qudhunka)
● Shahaadooyinka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:
●Shahaadada Gaadiidka Badbaadada ah ee Alaabta Kiimikada(gaadiidka hawada / badda);
●MSDS(XAASHIDA XOGTA BADBAADADA WADA);
● Batteriga Lithium: waxaa lagu kala saaraa heerka 9 ee alaabta khatarta ah dhoofinta
● Shahaadooyinka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah: baytariyada lithium caadi ahaan waa UN38.3, UN3480, UN3481 iyo UN3171, shahaado xirmo halis ah, warbixinta qiimeynta xaaladaha gaadiidka xamuulka
●UN38.3warbixinta kormeerka badbaadada
●UN3480batteriga lithium-ion
●UN3481baytari lithium-ion ah oo lagu rakibay qalab ama baytari elektaroonik ah oo lithium ah iyo qalab la isku duubay
●UN3171Baabuurka ku shaqeeya baytari ama qalabka batari ku shaqeeya (bateriga lagu dhejiyay baabuurka, isla golaha alaabta khatarta ah)
5. Arrimaha Batteryga
● Beteriyada lead-ashitada waxa la isticmaalaa wakhti dheer, biraha ku xidha batteriga gudaha batteriga way u nugul yihiin inay jabaan, taasoo keenta wareegyo gaaban iyo gubasho kedis ah.Batariyada Lithium-ku way dhaafeen nolosha adeegga, xudunta baytariguna waa gaboobaan oo daadanayaan, taas oo si fudud u keeni karta wareegyo gaaban iyo heerkul sare.
baytariyada rasaasta-ashitada
Battery Lithium
● Wax ka bedel aan la ogolayn: Isticmaalayaashu waxay wax ka beddelaan wareegga batteriga amar la'aan, taas oo saameynaysa waxqabadka badbaadada wareegga korontada ee baabuurka.Wax ka beddel aan sax ahayn waxay sababtaa in wareegtada baabuurka si xad dhaaf ah loo raro, loo raro, la kululeeyo, iyo wareeg gaaban.
baytariyada rasaasta-ashitada
Battery Lithium
● Xajmiga oo xumaada.Hadii uu dabcigu ku dhex jiro gaadhiga wakhti dheer oo uu gariiro waxa fudud in ay dabciyaan capacitors-ka iyo resistors-ka ku jira charger-ga taas oo si sahal ah u keeni karta in batteriga uu kor u kaco.Qaadashada dallad khaldan waxay sidoo kale keeni kartaa dallac badan.
● Baaskiilada korontadu waxay u nugul yihiin qorraxda.Xilliga xagaaga, heerkulku wuu sarreeyaa mana habboona in baaskiilada korontada lagu dhigto meel bannaanka qorraxda ah.Heerkulka gudaha batteriga ayaa sii wadi doona inuu kordho.Haddii aad ku dallacdo batteriga isla markaaba ka dib markaad guriga ka soo baxdo shaqada, heerkulka gudaha batteriga ayaa sii wadi doona inuu kordho.Marka ay gaadho heerkulka muhiimka ah, way fududahay in si kedis ah loo shido.
● Mootooyinka korantada ayaa si fudud loogu qooyay biyaha inta lagu jiro roobabka culus.Baytariyada lithium lama isticmaali karo ka dib marka lagu qooyay biyo.Baabuurka korontada ku shaqeeya ee lead-ashitada ayaa u baahan in lagu dayactiro dukaanka dayactirka ka dib marka lagu qooyay biyo.
6. Dayactirka iyo isticmaalka maalinlaha ah ee baytariyada iyo kuwa kale
● Ka fogow dallacaadda xad dhaafka ah iyo ku shubista batteriga
Lacag xad dhaaf ah:Guud ahaan, xirmooyinka dallacaadda ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dallaco gudaha Shiinaha.Marka si buuxda loo dallaco, korontada si toos ah ayaa loo jarayaa.Marka lagu dallaco dallad, korontadu si toos ah ayaa loo jarayaa marka si buuxda loo dallaco.Marka lagu daro dabaylaha caadiga ah oo aan lahayn shaqo-joojin buuxda, marka si buuxda loo dallaco, waxay sii wadi doonaan inay ku dallacaan qulqul yar, taas oo saameyn doonta nolosha wakhti dheer;
Siideynta xad dhaafka ah:Waxaa guud ahaan lagu talinayaa in lagu dallaco batteriga marka ay korontadu 20% ka harsan tahay.Ku dallacida koronto yar waqti dheer waxay keenaysaa in batteriga uu hooseeyo, lagana yaabo inaan la dalacin.Waxay u baahan tahay in mar kale la hawlgeliyo, waxaana laga yaabaa inaan la hawlgelin.
● Iska ilaali inaad u isticmaasho xaaladaha heerkulka sare iyo hoose.Heerkulka sare wuxuu xoojin doonaa falcelinta kiimikada wuxuuna dhalin doonaa kulayl badan.Marka kulaylku gaaro qiimo gaar ah oo muhiim ah, waxay keeni doontaa in baytarigu gubto oo qarxo.
● Ka fogow in si degdeg ah wax laguugu dallaco, taasoo keeni doonta isbeddel ku yimaada qaab-dhismeedka gudaha iyo xasillooni-darrada.Isla mar ahaantaana, baytarigu wuu kululaan doonaa wuxuuna saameyn doonaa nolosha batteriga.Marka loo eego sifooyinka baytariyada lithium ee kala duwan, batari 20A lithium manganese oxide ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo 5A charger iyo 4A charger under shuruudaha isticmaalka, isticmaalka 5A dajiyaha waxay yaraynaysaa wareegga ilaa 100 jeer.
●Haddii gaariga korontada aan la isticmaalin waqti dheer, isku day inaad dalacdo hal mar toddobaadkii ama mar kasta 15 maalmood.Battery-ashitada rasaasta lafteedu waxay cuni doontaa qiyaastii 0.5% awoodiisa maalin kasta.Si dhakhso leh ayay u cuni doontaa marka lagu rakibo baabuur cusub.
Baytariyada lithium sidoo kale waxay cuni doonaan koronto.Haddii aanu batteriga dalacin muddo dheer, waxa ay ahaan doontaa xaalad koronto oo lumis ah waxaana laga yaabaa in baytarigu yahay mid aan la isticmaali karin.
Batari cusub oo aan la rarin wuxuu u baahan yahay in hal mar lagu dallaco in ka badan100 maalmood.
●Haddii batteriga la isticmaalay muddo dheerwaqti oo uu leeyahay waxtarkiisu hooseeyo, baytari-acid-ashitada waxaa lagu dari karaa electrolyte ama biyo by xirfadlayaasha si ay u sii isticmaalaan in muddo ah, laakiin xaaladaha caadiga ah, waxaa lagu talinayaa in la beddelo batari cusub si toos ah.Bateriga lithium-ka ayaa leh waxtarkiisu hooseeyo lamana hagaajin karo.Waxaa lagu talinayaa in si toos ah loo beddelo batteriga cusub.
●Dhibaatada dallacaadda: Dabeyuhu waa inuu isticmaalo qaab ku habboon.60V ma dalaci karo baytariyada 48V, 60V acid-acid ma dalaci karo 60V baytariyada lithium, iyoXajiyeyaasha-lead-ashitada iyo dabaylaha baytariyada lithium lama is beddeli karo.
Haddii wakhtiga dallacadu ka badan yahay inta caadiga ah, waxaa lagu talinayaa in aad furto fiilada dallacaadda oo aad joojiso dallacaadda.U fiirso in batterigu go'ay ama uu dhaawacmay.
●Nolosha batteriga = danab × batari ampere × xawaaraha ÷ awoodda mootada Qaaciidadani kuma habboona dhammaan noocyada, gaar ahaan moodooyinka awoodda sare leh.Marka lagu daro xogta isticmaalka dumarka badankooda, habku waa sida soo socota:
48V baytari lithium, 1A = 2.5km, 60V lithium baytari, 1A = 3km, 72V lithium baytari, 1A = 3.5km, lead-acid wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 10% ka yar baytari lithium.
Baytariga 48V wuxuu socon karaa 2.5 kilomitir halkii ampere (48V20A 20×2.5=50 kiiloomitir)
Baytariga 60V wuxuu socon karaa 3 kilomitir halkii ampere (60V20A 20×3=60 kiiloomitir)
Baytariga 72V wuxuu socon karaa 3.5 kilomitir halkii ampere (72V20A 20×3.5=70 kiiloomitir)
●Awoodda baytariga/A ee dalladuhu waxay la mid tahay wakhtiga dallacaaddaWaqtiga dallaca = awoodda batteriga / dallad Nambar, tusaale ahaan 20A/4A = 5 saacadood, laakiin sababtoo ah waxtarka dallacadu wuu yaraan doonaa ka dib markii lagu dallaco 80% ( garaaca garaaca wuxuu yareeyaa hadda), sidaas darteed waxaa badanaa loo qoraa sida 5-6 saacadood ama 6-7 saacadood (caymiska)
